Default Value

🦉 You may have noticed in the previous step we used a value prop. This is how you set the value in an HTML document. React however is a little special and supports what's called "controlled inputs" meaning you can programmatically control the value of the input.

For this reason, when you set the value prop on an input like this, it means that React will expect you keep that value up-to-date and will not allow the user to change the value to anything other than what you have specified in the value prop. Effectively, this means that if we set the value on one of our fields, the user can't change it unless we do a little extra work. This is a very useful feature we'll discuss more later on, but it has implications for our form now, so let's address this.

The thing is, we want to default several of these fields to a value, but we want the user to be able to change them. With the exception of the hidden input, we can't do that with the value prop. So we need to use a different prop.

In React, you use the defaultValue prop to set the default value of an input and the defaultChecked prop to set the default value of a checkbox or radio. The defaultValue should be a string (or it will be coerced to a string) that matches the format of the input.

<input type="text" defaultValue="Hello World" />
// these give the same result:
<input type="number" defaultValue="42" />
<input type="number" defaultValue={42} />

If it's a date, you need to use a string, but it needs to be in the format YYYY-MM-DD (because that's the format of the value when the user selects a date). You can use the toISOString method on a Date object which gives a string with the format YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss.sssZ, so we can use slice to get the first 10 characters:

<input type="date" defaultValue={new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10)} />

This applies to select as well. Set it the the value of the option you want to have selected, and that one will be selected by default:

<select defaultValue="pineapple">
	<option value="apple">Apple</option>
	<option value="banana">Banana</option>
	<option value="pineapple">Pineapple</option>
</select>

Checkboxes and Radios are special cases. For these, you set the defaultChecked prop:

<input type="checkbox" defaultChecked />
// and for the radio, just set defaultChecked on the one you want selected:
<input type="radio" name="fruit" value="apple" defaultChecked />
<input type="radio" name="fruit" value="banana" />
<input type="radio" name="fruit" value="pineapple" />

👨‍💼 So with that, please set some defaults on these form fields:

Account Type: "Student"
Age: 18
Favorite Color: #002E5D
Visibility: Public
Waiver Signed: Checked
Start Date: Today's date

08. Inputs/05. Default Value (💪 problem)

Default Value